美联社图片:法国和德国是如何建立起支撑欧盟的友谊的

2025-05-09 23:00来源:路透社

 

巴黎(美联社)——他们是宿敌,在经历了两次毁灭性的世界大战之后,在相隔不到30年的时间里,他们似乎注定要永远不和。

80年前,二战在欧洲以纳粹德国投降而结束,法国军队成为了战胜国之一。此后的几十年里,作为邻国的法国和德国建立了强有力的伙伴关系,为欧盟奠定了基础。

作为欧盟最大的经济体,他们经常被描述为27国集团的发动机,以及在几代人的冲突之后“欧洲人民之间更加紧密的联盟”的既定目标。

自二战以来,政治家、妇女和普通民众都在努力编织深厚的个人、政治、经济、文化和军事纽带,使法德友谊在曾经战火纷飞的地方开花结果。

法国战时英雄戴高乐将军在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中都参加了战斗,他是早期重要的和平缔造者。

他的和解伙伴是康拉德·阿登纳(Konrad Adenauer),他是西德第一任总理,领导西德从纳粹灾难中复苏。阿登纳本人也曾是纳粹主义的受害者之一,在凶残的盖世太保手下待了几个月。

他们于1963年1月22日签署的合作条约标志着一个新的开始。戴高乐说,这是“在漫长而血腥的斗争和战斗之后的新篇章”。他们紧紧拥抱,达成了协议。

其他领导人通过更多的协议和令人心酸的象征时刻将法国和德国联系得更加紧密。对战争恐怖的记忆成为伙伴关系不可分割的一部分,因此他们共同的悲惨冲突历史的教训不会被遗忘。

第一次世界大战爆发70年后,法国总统弗朗索瓦·密特朗和德国总理赫尔穆特·科尔在曾经的凡尔登战场上手牵手,面对着一座供奉着13万名身份不明士兵遗体的纪念碑。

作为朋友,法国和德国在最近的灾难中也相互支持。2015年1月,德国总理安格拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)赶赴巴黎,与法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德(francois Hollande)站在一起,当时法国正在悼念极端分子对讽刺报纸《查理周报》(Charlie Hebdo)发动致命袭击的受害者。

在一座跨越法德边境的桥上,曾经枪炮林立,用法国和德国国旗的颜色绘制的文字显示了这两个邻国的进步。

他们写着“BIENVENUE”和“WILLKOMMEN”。

他们的意思是:欢迎。

A section of Berlin along Nettelbeck Strasse near Wittenberg Platz, called the "City of Death" by Berliners, is seen in April 1945. (AP Photo/Hans Martin Herloff, File)

A section of Berlin along Nettelbeck Strasse near Wittenberg Platz, called the "City of Death" by Berliners, is seen in April 1945. (AP Photo/Hans Martin Herloff, File)

1945年4月,维滕贝格广场附近的奈特贝克大街,被柏林人称为“死亡之城”。(美联社图片/Hans Martin Herloff,档案)

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German Chancellor Ko<em></em>nrad Adenauer, center left, hugs President Charles de Gaulle after signing the Elysee friendship treaty, Jan. 22, 1963, in the Elysee palace in Paris. (AP Photo/File)

German Chancellor Ko<em></em>nrad Adenauer, center left, hugs President Charles de Gaulle after signing the Elysee friendship treaty, Jan. 22, 1963, in the Elysee palace in Paris. (AP Photo/File)

1963年1月22日,在巴黎爱丽舍宫,德国总理康拉德·阿登纳(中左)在签署爱丽舍友好条约后拥抱戴高乐总统。(美联社照片/文件)

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President Charles De Gaulle, left, and his guest, West Germany's Chancellor Ko<em></em>nhad Adenauer, stand together in a car to review a parade of French and German troops at the Mourmelon training grounds near Reims, France, July 8, 1962. (AP Photo/File)

President Charles De Gaulle, left, and his guest, West Germany's Chancellor Ko<em></em>nhad Adenauer, stand together in a car to review a parade of French and German troops at the Mourmelon training grounds near Reims, France, July 8, 1962. (AP Photo/File)

1962年7月8日,法国总统戴高乐(左)和他的客人西德总理阿登纳(Konhad Adenauer)一起站在一辆汽车里,检阅法国和德国军队在法国兰斯附近的穆尔瓜尔训练场的阅兵式。(美联社照片/文件)

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Visitors stand by the remains of houses damaged during WWII ahead of President Emmanuel Macron's visit to attend a ceremony marking the 80th anniversary of the massacre of 643 people by Nazi German forces, in Oradour-sur-Glane, southwestern France, Monday, June 10, 2024. (Ludovic Marin/Pool Photo via AP, File)

Visitors stand by the remains of houses damaged during WWII ahead of President Emmanuel Macron's visit to attend a ceremony marking the 80th anniversary of the massacre of 643 people by Nazi German forces, in Oradour-sur-Glane, southwestern France, Monday, June 10, 2024. (Ludovic Marin/Pool Photo via AP, File)

2024年6月10日,星期一,在法国西南部格拉讷河畔的奥拉杜尔,法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙出席纳粹德国军队屠杀643人80周年纪念仪式之前,游客们站在二战期间被破坏的房屋遗址旁。(Ludovic Marin/Pool Photo来自美联社)

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French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing, left, co<em></em>nfers with German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, in Tokyo on June 28, 1979. (AP Photo, File)

French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing, left, co<em></em>nfers with German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, in Tokyo on June 28, 1979. (AP Photo, File)

1979年6月28日,东京,法国总统瓦莱里·季斯卡·德斯坦(左)与德国总理赫尔穆特·施密特(Helmut Schmidt)交谈。(美联社图片,文件)

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President Valery Giscard d'Estaing, left, talks to German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt inside Elysee palace on Feb. 4, 1977 in Paris. (AP Photo/Michel Lipchitz, File)

President Valery Giscard d'Estaing, left, talks to German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt inside Elysee palace on Feb. 4, 1977 in Paris. (AP Photo/Michel Lipchitz, File)

1977年2月4日,法国总统瓦莱里·季斯卡·德斯坦(左)在巴黎爱丽舍宫与德国总理赫尔穆特·施密特交谈。(美联社图片/Michel Lipchitz)

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German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, left, and President Francois Mitterrand meet at the Rocher de Dabo restaurant in the Vosges mountain range, in Dabo, France, July 19, 1983. (AP Photo/Jacques Langevin, File)

German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, left, and President Francois Mitterrand meet at the Rocher de Dabo restaurant in the Vosges mountain range, in Dabo, France, July 19, 1983. (AP Photo/Jacques Langevin, File)

1983年7月19日,德国总理赫尔穆特·科尔(左)和法国总统弗朗索瓦·密特朗在孚日山脉的Rocher de Dabo餐厅会面。(美联社图片/Jacques Langevin,档案)

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President Francois Mitterrand, left, and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl hold hands as they listen to the natio<em></em>nal anthems during a French-German reco<em></em>nciliation ceremony outside the Douaumont cemetery near Verdun, eastern France on Sept. 22, 1984. (Pool Photo via AP, File)

President Francois Mitterrand, left, and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl hold hands as they listen to the natio<em></em>nal anthems during a French-German reco<em></em>nciliation ceremony outside the Douaumont cemetery near Verdun, eastern France on Sept. 22, 1984. (Pool Photo via AP, File)

1984年9月22日,法国东部凡尔登附近的杜奥蒙公墓外举行的法德和解仪式上,总统弗朗索瓦·密特朗(左)和德国总理赫尔穆特·科尔(Helmut Kohl)在聆听国歌时手拉手。(美联社提供的泳池照片)

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Chancellor Angela Merkel, left, welcomes French President Jacques Chirac at the chancellery in Berlin on May 3, 2007. (AP Photo/Michael Sohn, File)

Chancellor Angela Merkel, left, welcomes French President Jacques Chirac at the chancellery in Berlin on May 3, 2007. (AP Photo/Michael Sohn, File)

2007年5月3日,德国总理默克尔(左)在柏林总理府欢迎法国总统希拉克。(美联社图片/Michael Sohn,档案)

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Chancellor Angela Merkel, left, and French President Jacques Chirac meet in Mettlach, southwestern Germany, Tuesday, Dec. 5, 2006. (AP Photo/Michael Probst, File)

Chancellor Angela Merkel, left, and French President Jacques Chirac meet in Mettlach, southwestern Germany, Tuesday, Dec. 5, 2006. (AP Photo/Michael Probst, File)

2006年12月5日,星期二,德国总理默克尔(左)和法国总统希拉克在德国西南部城市梅特拉克会面。(美联社图片/Michael Probst)

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German Chancellor Angela Merkel, right, talks with French President Nicolas Sarkozy as European heads of state gather for a group portrait during the European Summit, in Brussels, Belgium, on Thursday, March 13, 2008. (AP Photo/Jock Fistick,Pool, File)

German Chancellor Angela Merkel, right, talks with French President Nicolas Sarkozy as European heads of state gather for a group portrait during the European Summit, in Brussels, Belgium, on Thursday, March 13, 2008. (AP Photo/Jock Fistick,Pool, File)

2008年3月13日,星期四,在比利时布鲁塞尔举行的欧洲峰会上,欧洲国家元首聚集在一起合影留念,德国总理默克尔(右)与法国总统萨科齐交谈。(美联社图片/Jock Fistick,Pool, File)

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President Nicolas Sarkozy, right, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel shake hands with o<em></em>nlookers after Armistice Day ceremo<em></em>nies in Paris on Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2009. (Philippe Wojazer/Pool Photo via AP, File)

President Nicolas Sarkozy, right, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel shake hands with o<em></em>nlookers after Armistice Day ceremo<em></em>nies in Paris on Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2009. (Philippe Wojazer/Pool Photo via AP, File)

2009年11月11日,星期三,法国巴黎,法国总统尼古拉·萨科齐(右)和德国总理安格拉·默克尔在停战纪念日仪式后与围观群众握手。(Philippe Wojazer/Pool Photo来自美联社)

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German Capt. Thomas Trefzer, foreground left, looks to French officer Didier Neumann, foreground right, during a roll call of the German-French military brigade in the eastern German town of Weisswasser near the border to Poland on Wednesday, Nov. 11, 1998. (AP Photo/Matthias Rietschel, File)

German Capt. Thomas Trefzer, foreground left, looks to French officer Didier Neumann, foreground right, during a roll call of the German-French military brigade in the eastern German town of Weisswasser near the border to Poland on Wednesday, Nov. 11, 1998. (AP Photo/Matthias Rietschel, File)

1998年11月11日,周三,在靠近波兰边境的德国东部小镇魏斯瓦塞尔,德国上尉托马斯·特雷泽尔(前景左边)在向法国军官迪迪埃·诺伊曼(前景右边)看齐。(美联社图片/Matthias Rietschel,档案)

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French President Francois Hollande, right, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel hug each other after their marathon talks in Minsk, Belarus, Thursday, Feb. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Kirill Kudryavtsev, Pool, File)

French President Francois Hollande, right, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel hug each other after their marathon talks in Minsk, Belarus, Thursday, Feb. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Kirill Kudryavtsev, Pool, File)

2015年2月12日,星期四,在白俄罗斯明斯克,法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德(右)和德国总理安格拉·默克尔在马拉松式会谈后相互拥抱。(美联社图片/Kirill Kudryavtsev, Pool, File)

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President Francois Hollande, right, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel revive the Eternal Flame at the WWI Douaumont's Ossuary, in Douaumont, northeastern France, Sunday, May 29, 2016, during a remembrance ceremony to mark the centenary of the battle of Verdun. (Mathieu Cugnot/Pool Photo via AP, File)

President Francois Hollande, right, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel revive the Eternal Flame at the WWI Douaumont's Ossuary, in Douaumont, northeastern France, Sunday, May 29, 2016, during a remembrance ceremony to mark the centenary of the battle of Verdun. (Mathieu Cugnot/Pool Photo via AP, File)

2016年5月29日星期日,法国东北部杜奥蒙,法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德(右)和德国总理安格拉·默克尔在纪念凡尔登战役一百周年的纪念仪式上,在第一次世界大战杜奥蒙的奥苏里点燃了永恒的火焰。(Mathieu Cugnot/Pool Photo来自美联社)

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President Francois Hollande embraces German Chancellor Angela Merkel, left, as she arrives at the Elysee Palace, Paris, Sunday, Jan. 11, 2015. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus, File)

President Francois Hollande embraces German Chancellor Angela Merkel, left, as she arrives at the Elysee Palace, Paris, Sunday, Jan. 11, 2015. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus, File)

2015年1月11日星期日,法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德在抵达巴黎爱丽舍宫时拥抱德国总理安格拉·默克尔(左)。(美联社图片/Thibault Camus)

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A man rides his scooter on a bridge from France to Germany in Grosbliederstroff, in the Moselle region, Tuesday, March 2, 2021. (AP Photo/Jean-Francois Badias, File)

A man rides his scooter on a bridge from France to Germany in Grosbliederstroff, in the Moselle region, Tuesday, March 2, 2021. (AP Photo/Jean-Francois Badias, File)

2021年3月2日,星期二,在摩泽尔地区的格罗夫布利德斯特罗夫,一名男子骑着他的摩托车在从法国到德国的桥上。(美联社图片/Jean-Francois Badias,档案)

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Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron hold the co<em></em>ntracts after the signing of a new Germany-France friendship treaty at the historic Town Hall in Aachen, Germany, Tuesday, Jan. 22, 2019. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner, File)

Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron hold the co<em></em>ntracts after the signing of a new Germany-France friendship treaty at the historic Town Hall in Aachen, Germany, Tuesday, Jan. 22, 2019. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner, File)

2019年1月22日星期二,德国总理安格拉·默克尔和法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙在德国亚琛历史悠久的市政厅签署了新的德法友好条约。(美联社图片/Martin Meissner,档案)

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President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel sign a guest book inside a replica of the wagon wher<em></em>e the Armistice was signed in 1918, in the Clairiere of Rethondes, during a commemoration ceremony for Armistice Day, 100 years after the end of the First World War, in Compiegne, north of Paris, France, Saturday, Nov. 10, 2018. (Philippe Wojazer/Pool via AP, File)

President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel sign a guest book inside a replica of the wagon wher<em></em>e the Armistice was signed in 1918, in the Clairiere of Rethondes, during a commemoration ceremony for Armistice Day, 100 years after the end of the First World War, in Compiegne, north of Paris, France, Saturday, Nov. 10, 2018. (Philippe Wojazer/Pool via AP, File)

2018年11月10日星期六,在法国巴黎北部贡比涅举行的第一次世界大战结束100周年停战日纪念仪式上,法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙和德国总理安格拉·默克尔在1918年在雷松德的克莱里埃签署停战协议的马车复制品内签署了一份留名簿。(Philippe Wojazer/Pool来自美联社,文件)

Facebook分享 墨水数据-折叠-关闭数据- 1 墨水= " https://apnews.com/article/france-germany-world-war-ii-veterans-macron-25b16cf9b4aeade052cf2aecdff4f950?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share " data-social-service = " copyl ink" tabindex="0"> 墨水复制 打印电子邮件X 1 inkedIn蓝天Flipboard Pinterest Reddit

German soldiers march on the Champs-Elysees avenue during the Bastille Day parade in Paris, France, Sunday July 14, 2019. (AP Photo/Michel Euler, File)

German soldiers march on the Champs-Elysees avenue during the Bastille Day parade in Paris, France, Sunday July 14, 2019. (AP Photo/Michel Euler, File)

7月14日(星期日),在法国巴黎举行的法国国庆日阅兵上,德国士兵在香榭丽舍大道上列队。(美联社图片/Michel Euler,档案)

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Chancellor Olaf Scholz, right, talks with French President Emmanuel Macron, at the chancellery in Berlin, Germany, Monday, May 9, 2022. (AP Photo/Markus Schreiber, File)

Chancellor Olaf Scholz, right, talks with French President Emmanuel Macron, at the chancellery in Berlin, Germany, Monday, May 9, 2022. (AP Photo/Markus Schreiber, File)

2022年5月9日,星期一,德国柏林,总理奥拉夫·肖尔茨(右)在总理府与法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙会谈。(美联社图片/Markus Schreiber,档案)

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